This article came from a comment by Jack Towarnicky
It comes as we consider the question raised by timothy Lancaster;- “should we help employees in debt before encouraging saving.”

I don’t know what the rules are in the UK, but in the states, 80+% of 401k plans in the states have a ready made solution – 401k plan loans. All qualified plans, including pension plans, could permit plan loans.
Plan loans are tax-free liquidity.
“Done right”, plan loans improve both household wealth AND retirement preparation.
The process is:
Save
Get employer match
Invest
Accumulate earnings
Borrow to meet a short term need
Adjust your asset allocation because the plan loan principal never leaves the plan but becomes a different kind of fixed income investment
Repay the loan which continuing to make regular contributions
Rebuild the account for a future, larger need
Repeat as necessary up to and throughout retirement
What is “done right?”
Done right includes three features:
First, electronic banking. Essential because, at least in the states, people frequently change employers, median tenure of American workers has been less than 5 years for the past 7 decades.
Second, a line of credit structure. Essential so that people know what liquidity they have access to on any given day, that there are minimal limits on the number of times individuals can access liquidity, so hat they do not borrow more than they need to meet a specific need.
Third, behavioral economics tools, processes and concepts designed to maximize the likelihood of repayment. Essential options include authorizing repayment from the individual’s bank account (so that an interruption in employment isn’t an interruption in repayment), reporting the loan to the credit bureaus, having the participant effect a “commitment bond” – a promise to repay, having the participant sign off on the loan application as both the borrower (current self) and lender (future self), having the participant confirm that they have access to liquidity from another source should employment end.
Why will this improve both household wealth and retirement preparation?
First, the individual won’t take the plan loan unless it is superior to other liquidity sources – meaning that it will have a favorable impact on household wealth compared to say a cash advance on a credit card or a personal loan.
And, for the past 18 years, the plan loan interest rate is typically less than the rate on debt from a commercial source, and greater than the rate on fixed income investments offered within 401k plans.
More reading
See: https://www.federalreserve.gov/pubs/feds/2008/200842/200842pap.pdf
See: https://401kspecialistmag.com/top-10-401k-plan-loan-myths-misdirections-and-misrepresentations/
See: https://401kspecialistmag.com/more-leakage-deeper-in-debt/


















The Story of the $100 Bill goes like this:
In a small, struggling town, 100% of the residents are in debt, and times are hard.
A rich tourist walks into the town’s one hotel, lays a crisp $100 bill on the counter, and goes upstairs to check out the rooms.
The hotel owner immediately takes the $100 bill and runs next door to pay his debt to the pig farmer.
The pig farmer takes the $100 and rushes down the street to pay the feed store owner for supplies.
The owner of the feed store takes the money and runs to pay his debt to the local prostitute.
She then rushes to the hotel and pays off her room bill to the hotel owner.
The hotel owner places the $100 bill back on the counter just as the tourist returns, saying the rooms are unsatisfactory, so he pockets his money, and leaves town.
The Outcome
No one earned anything, and the tourist left with his original money.
However, the entire town is now out of debt and looks to the future with a little more optimism.
Key Themes of the Story
Velocity of Money: The same banknote was used by a whole lot of people in a short time, clearing multiple debts.
Trust and Circulation: The story shows how money functions as a medium of exchange based on trust.
Local Economy: It highlights how keeping money local (“circulating” it) can benefit a small community.
There are several ways to think about this parable.
But they all must recognise that these transactions have made no change in any of the residents’ NET wealth.
At the beginning each resident has a $100 liability. Then each acquires an offsetting financial asset of $100. At the end, they all have neither. So the $100 note has simply acted as a clearing mechanism.
If you want to think of the town as a distinct economy, then the rich tourist has temporarily increased the town’s money stock/supply by $100.
In effect, he has made a short-term loan of a new $100 bill, increasing liquidity. The $100 provides the residents with a trusted medium of exchange that allows them to clear their offsetting debts.
Or if you broaden the economy to include the tourist, his short-term loan has provided liquidity through increasing the transactions velocity of money.
If the rich tourist hadn’t provided the loan, any of the residents could have accomplished the same result by borrowing $100 from someone else, assuming that someone else had $100 to lend.
No new goods and services were produced (they had been produced/provided already). But borrowing from the tourist may have cost less interest (zero percent) than otherwise.
A more legalistic analysis might be that the hotel owner only gets a zero percent loan by embezzling: using the tourist’s deposit without permission.
In answer to Timothy’s original question, let’s not add to employers’ existing burdens by making them sort of responsible for helping employees with pre-existing debts.
Maybe send them to debt counselling agencies, if they’re willing to admit to having unmanageable debts in the first place, which sadly many aren’t.
An afterthought..