Value for Money matters in housing as it does in pensions.

There is a congruence between the FT and the Guardian about the financial impact of allowing value of leasehold is falling most dramatic in London but now all over Britain. This is a pension blog, but we must remember that housing is a cost but also an investment for both young and old. Here is Harry Scoffin.

There is an argument that Covid made the idea of living close to where you work irrelevant. Many people who previously worked 5 days in a fixed workplace may only do two or three and this attracts people  to bigger houses rather than smaller flats.

This is not a financial but a lifestyle factor but what Harry and the Free Leaseholders argue for is freedom from ground rents and pernicious charges by managing agents that they have no control over but which makes the cost of a flat much more than mortgage and council tax, a raft of extra costs are levied. These are not transparent, not monitored and most certainly not regulated.

Were leaseholders extra charges such as ground rent, to come under the FCA, you can be sure that their would be more than a £250 cap. There would be a question of “value for money” that would lead to the end of ground rents altogether. When it comes to ownership of assets, the parallels between the rights of a pensioner and those of a leaseholder starkly display the pensioner being protected while the leaseholder is exposed to a range of costs that would not detract from a pension payment.

It really is time that we recognised the issues around flat holding and recognise the rights of leasehold to value for their money.

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A glimmer of light on the gender and ethnicity pensions gap.

Monty Hadadi needs no introduction , nor do the authors of the report he posts about; – Kim Gubler now of IGG, Smart Pension and LCP


View Muntazir Hadadi (FCA)’s profile

Home – A glimmer of light on the horizon

lcpuk.foleon.com


 

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Populism in the shape of Richard Tice knocks on the door of public sector pensions.

Mary McDougall and Anna Goss have picked up for the FT on some outspoken statements from Reform on Public Sector Pensions

You can read an excellent article free here, or mail me for a link – henry@agewage.com

I mentioned in my post on he Church of England’s pension, that today was a noisy day for pensions. Richard Tice is as noisy about unfunded public pensions as John Ralfe is about funded private pensions.

Richard Tice is set against the OBR in a strong report 

Brought to the defence of taxpayer sponsored public sector pensions is Glyn Jenkins, an old friend of this blog and surely the longest serving pensions officer ever!

“There’s obviously a lot of political opportunism,”

said Glyn Jenkins, head of pensions at Unison, one of the UK’s largest trade unions.

“When a system changes and advisers are brought in, it can cost a lot of money to bring in an inferior scheme.”

I doubt a more succinct defence of public pensions has yet been made!

The point out why these unfunded schemes are such a political opportunity for Reform

You can also question what would happen if further tinkering was attempted, let alone the kind of changes to what are very much value for money ways for the Treasury to pay  deferred pay to our pensioners.

The City would like to fund these pensions but as Glyn Jenkins points out “it can cost a lot of money to bring in an inferior scheme“.


Changing the unfunded public sectors?

Rather than leave Richard Tice to his explosive statement, the article looks at a variety of alternatives that Tice could investigate.

There is a long section given to understanding which sections of the public sector are becoming more expensive to pension and which are getting paid out less in pensions than are accounting for  set aside to meet future bills. The article translates difficult sections of OPBR analysis into a readable illustration. This shows just how important funding the NHS section is (and why it is making good reading for the Treasury in terms of money in and out.

To suppose that changes can be made to a system of payments that is so integral to how public sector employees is paid, is naive. Carl Emmerson of the Institute of Fiscal Studies makes it clear that these pensions are deferred pay and cannot be treated like the pensions or savings plans in the private sector.

Most of the thinking on reorganising state pensions along private sector lines completely ignores the fundamental change with which public sector pensions interract with public sector pay

Policy Exchange, a right wing think-tank, has proposed putting those joining the public sector into DC schemes, with a total contribution rate of 15 per cent.

The savings would accrue after 14 years — to the tune of £19bn annually by year 30 according to the think-tank — although the estimates do not consider whether a pay rise for recruits would be needed to make the pension cut palatable.

Other options involve capping the benefits of DB schemes, similar to the Universities Superannuation Scheme, or introducing “notional” DC schemes earning government-set returns rather than market returns, as happens in Italy.

It is inevitable that as Reform increases the noise it can make in political circles, so it will get access to the areas of public sector policy that deals with public sector pensions. We have seen how much can be done quite quickly by a populist party in the USA.

I suspect that, despite the warnings in this article from Glyn Jenkins , Carl Emmerson and others, we have not heard the last of Richard Tice’s populist views on public sector pensions. Thanks to the FT for an excellent article.

 

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The CoE will restore clergy’s cut pensions with an £840m surplus – good news for most but not all!

It is a noisy day for pensions in the FT today and nowhere noisy than in an article from John Ralfe about the Church of England’s pension fund.

The author, pension consultant John Ralfe is far from happy that the CoE is putting up the pensions of clergy (and other employees) in its Defined Benefit Pension Scheme.

The problem he has is with the calculation of the £840m surplus of the pension fund which he doesn’t agree with. He thinks it should be more like £300m using a gilts + 0.5% discount rate on liabilities rather than the more optimistic return used by the trustees (prompted by advisers who come in for some criticism for milking the scheme for fees).

The article also criticises the Scheme for using Repos for its gilt holdings which it points out are a more risky (because of leverage) way of getting exposure to gilts (a remembrance of LDI).

Here are the facts, laid out in the article and clearly leaked for whatever reason. CEFPS stands for the Church of England Funded Pension Scheme.

The CEFPS has 25,000 members including 11,000 pensioners, and £2.6bn of assets at December 2024. It is now finalising its 2024 three-year actuarial valuation, with the December 2023 update showing a healthy £840mn surplus.

This is a very long way from 2008 and 2011, when the Church cut the annual value of new pensions earned to manage costs and control the deficit. The definition of pensionable salary and the annual accrual rate were both cut, and the normal pension age was increased from 65 to 68.

The problem back in the first decade of the century was down to some bad investments in property (the church continues to hold freeholds much to the dismay of those who want a better life for the leaseholders).  But since then things have gone much better for the scheme and it was a big winner in 2022 with its scheme now showing a “whopping” surplus.(see above).

Rather than being super prudent and shunting the scheme assets into bonds, as John Ralfe did at one point with the Boots Scheme, the Scheme will continue (according to the article) to invest heavily in growth assets.

Here the language of the article becomes strong

The Church is still taking huge risks, holding 70 per cent of assets in equities, private equity, infrastructure and private loans, with an assumed return of gilts plus 3.5 per cent.

The 2025 Pension Protection Fund report shows the average pension holding in these assets is just 22 per cent, with the balance in bond-like assets to match pension liabilities — so the CEFPS is a real outlier.

Just why they can do so and use a 3% more aggressive assumption than the Pension Regulator’s  tombstone gilts + 0.5% isn’t explained and I hope that those closer to the Scheme and the quality of the CoE’s covenant will explain.

But the good news for clergy is that they will get back the pensions that originally were promised.

The Church is now so confident about pensions that the February meeting of the governing General Synod gave its final agreement to reverse most of the cuts, with many members seeing a big pension boost from April 2026.

For serving clergy, pensions earned since 2011 will increase by a whopping 61 per cent, according to the Church Times. For retired clergy serving after 2011, pensions earned since 2011 will be increased by about 38 per cent.

Like the mineworkers and their bosses, a radically growth strategy from the scheme has paid off and there will be many more than John Ralfe grinding their teeth. Ralfe calls the CoE’s pension fund asset strategy a gamble

the Church seems to be playing a dangerous game of double or quits, just like betting money at the casino. Would hard-pressed parishioners be happy if they knew what was going on with their donations?

There is of course a similarity between the behaviour of the CoE pension scheme and the strategies of 20m of us who rely on DC pension schemes to pay us in retirement. The only difference is that we have to DIY the pensions from our pots.

The article doesn’t state what the attitude of the CoE’s General Synod is towards its DB scheme, nor the DC scheme which is what is in place going forward (for the moment) nor what is happening with the Cash Balance defined benefits that it administers for affiliated employers.

What we wait for later in the year is the authorisation of a new CDC scheme that will simplify a very complex pension system. That it now has a DB  scheme in surplus there is no doubt, that members and not parishioners are getting the benefit of the surplus will be considered as good news for most who go to the Church and that it is taking steps to sort out the very topsy-turvy pension scheme is good news.

The CoE’s DB pension fund has declared an £840m surplus today , the result is good news and we can now hope that using CDC, the clergy’s retirement will be simpler and  more stable than it’s been so far this century.

It takes some doing to make a good news story gloomy, but this opinion piece in the FT gives it a good go!

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How do we ensure fairness in CDC schemes? – LCP’s younger generation speak up


Why fairness matters in CDC pension schemes

CDC schemes provide an income for life, at a level that is widely expected to be significantly higher than available from a DC scheme for a comparable spend.

As a result, CDC is expected to be very attractive to the significant cohorts of people who value an income for life in retirement with no complicated decisions to make on investments or when to take benefits and how much. This was covered in our Future of Pensions report.

However, any new pension arrangement needs to earn the trust of members and their employers. Some commentators have questioned the fairness of CDC schemes. This is an important consideration. We believe well-designed CDC schemes are both fair and maintain the other benefits of CDC.

In this blog, we discuss the issue of fairness in CDC and explain how the next generation of CDC schemes are being designed to ensure fairness.

What fairness means in CDC context?

Fairness means different things to different people.

A DC scheme is fair in the sense that a member has control over where their pension is invested and how to use their pot at retirement. The income a member receives in retirement is determined by the decisions they make, and there is no cross-subsidy between the DC pots of different members.

However, in practice only a small minority of savers make active decisions on how to invest their pot, with around 90% of DC members choosing the default investment option.

The highly individual nature of DC can lead to unfairness in a broader sense. Outcomes depend heavily on investment performance and economic conditions during key periods, such as the run up to retirement (when a pot will be at its largest), and if choosing drawdown, during the early years of retirement. These are largely outside members’ control.

This means that different generations of savers can experience different incomes in retirement, even if they made identical decisions. The risk sharing mechanism in CDC manages this to a greater extent.

By sharing risks between members, CDC schemes aim to provide more equitable outcomes over time.

Partner Helen Draper

LCP partner Helen Draper said: “CDC is new and evolving, and we are seeing innovative approaches being considered, including whether to compensate younger members for greater variability in potential outcomes. By sharing risks between members, CDC aims to deliver more equitable outcomes over time.”

Partner Sean Garratt added: “Risk transfer is inherent in CDC, but it is designed to support desirable outcomes: higher pensions, an income for life and no complex decision-making for members. Careful benefit design is key to avoiding unnecessary risk transfer between generations or demographic groups. We are optimistic that the coming wave of CDC schemes will achieve this and earn the trust of future members and their employers.”

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Are we killing birds with kindness?

New evidence suggests that feeding our feathered friends is spreading disease and diminishing numbers. But stopping seems cruel. Thanks to the FT for this 

 

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“What Administrator Behaviour Signals” – observations and insights from KGC (pt 3)

This is the third of four articles published using social media By KGC Associates and written by Hayley Mudge. I am reprinting them because I think administration is undervalued and that its value will increase as we move forwards with pensions regulating from the Pension Schemes Bill/Act and the CDC code.

As before, I use the space of the blog to allow you to read the observations and insights of KGC associates


Part 3 – What Administrator Behaviour Signals

Hayley Mudge

Hayley Mudge

Head of Research at KGC Associates | Part of Independent Governance Group

Peer dynamics in a consolidating administration market

For administration providers, consolidation is not an abstract market trend but an operational reality. Changes in ownership, scale and service scope are experienced through migration pipelines, platform decisions, resourcing pressures and evolving delivery models. Peer behaviour such as acquisitions, exits, diversification or strategic pauses, provide valuable signals about where operational pressure is emerging across the market.

In a consolidated environment, administrators do not operate in isolation. They share labour pools, specialist skills, platforms and transition capacity. As a result, strategic decisions taken by one provider can have indirect but material consequences for others, shaping capacity, risk and service resilience beyond organisational boundaries.

Historically, peer activity has often been interpreted through a competitive lens. In the current market, however, peer behaviour is more usefully read as an indicator of operating reality rather than a measure of success. Patterns of consolidation, diversification and exit reflect how firms are responding to cost, complexity, regulatory expectation and the practical limits of delivery capacity.

This section explores what administrator behaviour signals about the underlying health of the administration ecosystem. It considers why pure administration models have become the exception, how different consolidation strategies reveal distinct operational pressures, and why shared capacity constraints mean peer decisions increasingly shape risk for the market as a whole.

Article content

Administration is rarely sustained as a standalone proposition

Most firms originating as administration-focused businesses ultimately add advisory or complementary services. This reflects the capital-intensive, low-margin and disruption-prone nature of administration. As a result, many firms have chosen to:

  • diversify revenue streams
  • cross-subsidise administration investment
  • integrate administration within wider consulting or advisory propositions

In 2026, Equiniti and Trafalgar House remain the only pure TPA’s. In 2025 Aptia moved away from standalone administration through its acquisition of Atkin & Co and Railpen was acquired by Broadstone.


KGC insight:

Where peers move towards broader service models, it’s often less about growth ambition and more about sustaining the level of investment and resilience modern administration requires. We believe the survival of pure administration requires exceptional control of cost, process, data and people.


Consolidation strategies reveal where operational pressure sits

When comparing the different strategies, we can see where different internal pressures and risk concentrations lie:

  • Scale-led consolidation – these often reflect a drive to spread fixed cost, but raises sustained migration, knowledge-retention and people risk, and short-term service volatility. Scale strategies require highly structured transition discipline, otherwise service risk leaks into the wider market and can potentially damage confidence across providers, not just one firm
  • Capability-led acquisitions – these increase technical depth, but can create fragmented operating models if integration is slow or partial. Capability acquisition only works if operating models are deliberately aligned, otherwise, complexity becomes the hidden tax on growth
  • Administration embedded within broader service models – these can stabilise investment, but may dilute administration priority if governance is weak
  • Exit-driven growth – these create opportunity, but expose receiving firms to inherited data issues and compressed transition timelines

As administrators take on larger, more complex books of business, administration increasingly functions as critical operational infrastructure. As now recognised by TPR.

Repeated acquisitions highlight a recurring challenge – systems can be bought, books can be transferred but operational coherence takes years to embed.


KGC insight:

How peers grow is often the clearest indicator of what they are trying to solve operationally. And as a result where delivery risk is most likely to surface next (migration load, platform complexity, investment prioritisation, or capacity shock).

Consolidation does not remove operational risk, it redistributes it. Each strategy creates a different risk signature, but none are risk-free. The danger lies in failing to align governance, investment and operating controls to the chosen path.


Peer strategies directly affect shared capacity

Administrators operate in a shared ecosystem: the same labour pool, migration specialists and delivery constraints. Across the market, structural change has consistently driven:

  • experienced administrators becoming scarcer
  • erosion of scheme-specific knowledge
  • transition teams becoming a bottleneck
  • potential market-wide delivery standards degrading under strain

KGC insight:

Capacity is now a market-level constraint. One provider’s consolidation programme can materially impact another’s ability to deliver BAU and change. Operational resilience is increasingly tied to a firm’s ability to retain and develop experienced administration talent through periods of uncertainty. The resource pool is quickly drying up, administrators are struggling to recruit skilled people from both inside and outside of the industry.

Governance frameworks ignoring people risk are, in our view, incomplete.


Positioning matters more than scale

In our experience firms which appear most resilient are not always the largest, but those who:

  • are clear what administration represents within their business
  • invest consistently in people, systems and controls
  • govern change explicitly rather than absorbing it informally

The fact some firms have remained structurally unchanged over an extended period highlights acquisition is not the only route to resilience.


KGC insight:

In the current market, sustainable performance is increasingly a function of operational governance maturity, particularly around change control, capacity management, data discipline and knowledge retention. Peer behaviour is a map of operational pressure, not a scoreboard of success. Administrators which understand what peer moves signal, and govern their own growth accordingly are often better placed to deliver stability in a consolidated, resource-constrained market.


Reading the signals across the market

Viewed together, administrator behaviour provides insight into how operational pressure is being managed across a consolidating market. Diversification, acquisition, pause or exit are not simply strategic choices. They are responses to the practical realities of delivering administration at scale within constrained capacity, regulatory expectation and evolving member needs.

The diversity of consolidation strategies highlights there is no single operating model guaranteeing resilience. Different approaches distribute risk in different ways, shaping exposure to migration complexity, people retention, operating-model coherence and investment discipline. In this context, peer behaviour is most usefully interpreted as a signal of where pressure sits, rather than as a measure of success or failure.

As administration becomes increasingly embedded within wider service propositions and shared delivery ecosystems, the consequences of individual strategic decisions extend beyond organisational boundaries. Capacity, capability and confidence are no longer self-contained. The ability of the market to absorb change depends as much on collective sequencing and governance as on individual execution.

What distinguishes the more resilient providers is not scale alone, but the extent to which their operating models remain coherent as ownership, scope and delivery environments evolve.

The final article in this series will look at how consolidation affects the industry.

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The people are the company, they get the pension surplus , the company still benefits.

I read this tweet and for a moment thought that I was agreeing , but then I read a little further and decided I was not sure…

What is this £2.3bn giveaway? It is money paid to those in the mineworker’s scheme.

You will almost certainly not have noticed that in the last budget, the chancellor allocated a windfall of some £2.3 billion. And how did she decide to spend it? On dramatically enhancing the pensions of around 40,000 public sector pensioners, many — if not most — of whom are already pretty well off.

I should explain. Annex B of the budget red book is entitled “Delivering in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland”. For some reason, the announcement to which I am referring, despite being a UK-wide policy, is hidden away under the Welsh bit of that annex. Here we find the following statement: “The government will also transfer the Investment Reserve Fund in the British Coal Staff Superannuation Scheme (BCSSS) to the scheme’s trustees. This will be paid out as an additional pension to members of the scheme.” This is enough to enhance their pensions by 41 per cent, and pay a hefty backdated lump sum. What an amazing windfall for these fortunate few.

Why was there a surplus in the mineworker’s scheme? Well Paul doesn’t explain this, but the fact is that the Mineworker’s scheme was invested in equities (almost entirely) and that has generated (under Mark Walker) a massive surplus. This is now being paid to a second group of pensioners, not the coalface workers but those who managed the coal business and the engineers who kept the mines working.

Sorry Paul but without these workers there would have been no mining company in the UK, some of this second group of mineworkers are already doing well  but to call them “public sector pensioners” is misleading. They did not appear in Yes Minister in 1970s suits, they were the company as much as the miners. Johnson goes on to explain that the mineworker’s scheme has been invested for growth but he thinks that the surplus deserves to be in the hands of the tax-payer who effectively guaranteed the pensions as the equivalent of the sponsoring employer.

You may be thinking, fair enough, this is a pension scheme and it is the pensioners’ money. They paid their contributions, so they should get any upside. But the whole point of these defined-benefit schemes is that they offer a guaranteed pension which is enormously valuable in itself.

In normal cases the employer will make up the difference if there is a deficit and, in active schemes, will take the upside in the form of lower contributions when there is a surplus. In this case the taxpayer was on the hook as guarantor, effectively in place of the employer.

The pensioners are getting the valuable pension which they were promised. There is no good reason to distribute the surplus to them. This is just another example of the British state as a machine for moving money from younger generations to older ones.

I ask my readers to consider the word “company” and of a “company pension”. The company is the people who works for it and it distributes the money it makes to its workers and those who own it. The money it pays into the pension scheme is not a handy wealth scheme for the shareholders or in this case the tax-payers.

What is different about the miners is that there is no new generation of them who could get the surplus paid into a DC or CDC pension. That is because mining is considered toxic both to the miners and to the planet , we don’t do mining anymore (well like we did).

So the only people who can get money from the pension scheme should be the fast diminishing group of (mainly) men who are still pensioners. The tax-payer does not have a right to this money.

I can think of many DB schemes in the private sector where there are younger people to whom the surplus of a DB scheme can be paid. I can think of their schemes , 75% of which are in surplus. I hope that as well as making good shortfalls in DB schemes (increases for work pre-1997 for instance), these schemes can be used to improve pensions for younger people in DC and in CDC schemes. That cannot be done for mineworkers but it can be done for millions of workers who need more income in retirement.

To Paul Johnson’s demand that this surplus money is paid to employers, let me point out that if the surplus is paid into young people’s pensions and invested in older people’s pensions then the money can be kept in UK companies  and used to power growth in the economy. That of course involves stopping pumping the money into offshore insurance and stopping pouring money in DC plans into overseas companies (only 4% of Nest’s money was invested recently in the UK – I know that is changing and that is good).

I think we can get surpluses priming our economy through investment. The Stagecoach/Aberdeen transaction is an example of how, more can be done with superfunds and more can be done with CDC and guided retirement in DC.

To suppose that the surpluses of British pensions should be, as Paul Johnson supposes they should be, returned to employers is to defeat the point of pensions and their value to the people who are our great companies.

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The cost of defending our country on pensions and pensioners

If the currency of the years to come is measured in our capacity to defend ourselves (hard power) where does the currency get created?

Our prime minister has spoken over the weekend of the need for us to bring forward money to re-arm Britain against a threat from Russia and those lined up with them

The big picture of Starmer’s speech is that the UK is already at war. At home we are living with the inflationary shock of Vladimir Putin’s invasion of Ukraine, we are rightly spending money to aid Ukraine, and we face both cyber attacks and indirect attacks on our democracy.

There seem two ways to pay for necessary increases in defence (reliance on the USA is no longer one). The first way to pay is to cut Government spending and that will hit pensioners in terms of health, benefits and pensions (the state pension is not a benefit like pension credits but both could be at risk).

The other way for more money to be set aside to defend ourselves is for Britain to grow. This is the route embarked on by this Government in 2024 which has so far has not turned up.

I saw one speech by Torsten Bell, at the Pensions UK investment conference nearly a year ago where the Pension Minister asked the audience to “Get Real” about what funded pensions could do. I applauded this at the time and in a couple of weeks I expect to hear more at a repeat of the Investment Conference.

If we do not want pensions to be cut, we must allow them to help the country grow and that means turning up the heat from the back thrusters of DB plans, turning DC saving into DC pensions and by accelerating something which brings the best of DB and DC together – CDC.

It is no use us going into huddles and debating what we are going to do. We as a nation are not growing but we are required to spend more money defending ourselves. We must either shrink pensions or abandon the de-risking of our pension system and “GET REAL”.

If I was writing for Torsten Bell, better still – if I was Torsten Bell, I would contextualise pensions within the threats that Britain face and make the speech once again a call for action from funded pensions. The Pensions Bill is nearly an Act, CDC legislation is now passed and we need only the CDC Code for completion of a new style of workplace pension.

It is time to wake up to the enormous business of pensions which can revive much of British productivity which has been asleep for two decades. It is simply not good enough to say we cannot afford to take risk, taking risk is how you get growth and getting growth pays for us to defend ourselves and have a proper healthcare – a proper financing of growing old.

We really have to look to the decisions we are responsible for individually and come together in Edinburgh and agree collectively to take responsibility. Whether in the LGPS, USS and the Railways – where there is still DB accrual, whether in the 75% of closed and private DB plans or the huge number of employers funding DC pensions for staff, there must be action. We simply can’t sit in our pension conference seats and listen, we must get back to our businesses and get the money set aside to pay pensions, invested. Britain must grow to meet the cost of defence.

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Monday March 2nd – the big debate on small pension pots ; Cannon Street – City of London

The Big Red Button – Join the Debate

Overview

Solving the Challenge that is Small Pension Pots. Your input on this important debate is essential to drive a market-led solution.

The Big Red Button – Small Pots Roundtable

Join your workplace industry peers, specialists and regulators to see if we can hit The Big Red Button.

Save the Date – Agenda below.

Category: Business, Startups

Speakers

Event Chair – Andy Cheseldine

Samantha Seaton

Kevin Wesbroom

Gail Izat

Helen Dean CBE

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